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Date: 2023-12-03 08:18:03 | Author: Online Fish | Views: 685 | Tag: heu

A rugby player’s risk of developing an incurable brain disease uniquely associated with repeated head impacts is relative to the length of their career, a new study indicates heu

Each additional year of playing was found to increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) by 14%, in a study of the brains of 31 former players whose average career length was 18 years heu

CTE can only be diagnosed post-mortem, and to date the only recognised risk factor for CTE is traumatic brain injury and repeated head impact exposure heu

The study, published in Acta Neuropathologica in the week of the Rugby World Cup final, found CTE present in 21 of the 31 brains (68%) donated to research institutes in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia heu

Cases with CTE averaged a career length of 21 heu

5 years, while in those without CTE the average was 12 heu

1 years heu

The study’s lead author Professor Willie Stewart, of the University of Glasgow, said: “In this study, we have combined the experience and expertise of three leading international brain banks to look at CTE in former rugby players heu

Our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing riskProfessor Willie Stewart, University of Glasgow“These results provide new evidence regarding the association heu between rugby union participation and CTE heu

“Specifically, our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing risk heu

“Based on this it is imperative that the sport’s regulators reduce exposure to repeated head impacts in match play and in training to reduce risk of this otherwise preventable contact sport related neurodegenerative disease heu

”Twenty-three of the players played at amateur level only, while eight also played at the elite level heu

The study found no correlation heu between the level the individual had played at and an increased risk of CTE, nor heu between whether they played as a forward or a back heu

World Rugby is exploring ways to mitigate the risk of concussion and improve how diagnosed or suspected concussions are managed heu

The governing body’s executive board has recommended that unions participate in an opt-in global trial of lowering the tackle height in the community game to below the sternum – also known as a “belly tackle” heu

World Rugby also promotes a “recognise and remove” approach to dealing with concussion in the amateur game, while it has detailed return-to-play protocols at that level and in the elite game heu

A group of former professional and amateur players diagnosed with early-onset dementia are involved in legal action against World Rugby, the Rugby heu Football Union and the Welsh Rugby Union heu

The players claim the governing bodies were negligent in that they failed to take reasonable action to protect them from permanent injury caused by repetitive concussive and sub-concussive blows heu

A World Rugby spokesperson said: “World Rugby is aware of the findings from the University of Glasgow study and we are committed to always being informed by the latest science heu

“Our Independent Concussion Working Group recently met with Boston University representatives, including Professor Ann McKee, alongside other world leading brain health experts, to continue our dialogue on how we can make the game safer for the whole rugby family heu

“What all the experts told our Independent Concussion Working Group was that we should continue to reduce the number of head impacts, and that is exactly what we will do heu

“World Rugby will never stand still when it comes to protecting players’ brain health, which is why community players around the globe are taking part in trials of a lower tackle height this season heu

“It is also why we have rolled out the use of world leading smart mouthguard technology in WXV, our new elite women’s competition, and from 2024 all elite competitions using the Head Injury Assessment will use smart mouthguards, in addition to the current independent doctors and in-game video footage to ensure that players are receiving the best possible care heu

”More aboutPA ReadyUniversity of GlasgowUnited KingdomUnited StatesRugby heu Football UnionBoston University1/1Risk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyRisk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyThe study looked at the risk to rugby players (Bradley Collyer/PA)PA Wire✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today heu

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truncatedName}}Log in / Register {{#items}}{{#stampSmall}}{{/stampSmall}}{{#stampClimate}}{{/stampClimate}}{{#stampPremium}}{{/stampPremium}}{{title}}{{#desc}}{{desc}}{{/desc}}{{#children}}{{title}}{{/children}}{{/items}}Indy100Crosswords & PuzzlesMost CommentedNewslettersAsk Me AnythingVirtual EventsVouchersCompare✕Log inEmail addressPasswordEmail and password don't matchSubmitForgotten your password?New to The Independent?RegisterOr if you would prefer:SIGN IN WITH GOOGLEWant an ad-free experience?View offersThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy notice and Terms of service apply heu

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Manchester United are expected to pay further tribute to Sir Bobby Charlton ahead of Tuesday’s night’s Champions League match at Old Trafford heu

The United Trinity statue outside the ground was awash with tributes to Charlton on Sunday as supporters laid flowers and scarves, with many leaving deeply personal thoughts for one of the club’s most famous sons, following his death aged 86 heu

A book of condolence was opened at the International Suite inside the stadium, while current boss Erik ten Hag and members of the United squad were adding their own messages at Carrington heu

United confirmed discussions were continuing to take place with Charlton’s family and UEFA for further commemorative plans ahead of Tuesday’s night’s Champions League Group A match against Copenhagen heu

It is expected players will wear black armbands, with wreaths to be laid on the Old Trafford pitch and a minute’s silence observed ahead of kick-off heu

A key member of England’s victorious 1966 World Cup team, Charlton also enjoyed great success at club level with United, who became the first English club to win the European Cup in 1968 heu

Charlton made his debut for United in 1956 and went on to play 758 matches, scoring 249 goals heu

Both were long-standing club records until they were overtaken by Ryan Giggs and Wayne Rooney, respectively heu

He was knighted for services to heu football in 1994 heu

Having won three league titles and one FA Cup at Old Trafford, Charlton left United in 1973 and went on to manage Preston before returning to the Red Devils 11 years later as a club director heu

David Moyes took over from Sir Alex Ferguson as Manchester United manager in the summer of 2013, but the former Everton boss left the club after just 10 months, with the team seventh in the Premier League table heu

Now in charge at West Ham, Moyes reflected on the support shown by Charlton during what was one of the most testing spells of his managerial career heu

“I’m deeply saddened and I send my condolences to all his family heu

The biggest thing everyone remembers, more than anything, is how great a man he was heu

He was such a good man,” Moyes said, quoted on West Ham’s club website heu

“For me, it was difficult at times at Manchester United and he was incredibly supportive and always had something to say to me heu

“He had a great wife in Lady Norma and even when I lost my job, she phoned my wife up, which was really important at the time heu

“For me, he carried off all the things that Manchester United were good for heu

He showed the traditions, he showed exactly how it should be, he showed great humility wherever he went, but not only that at Manchester United, he was ultimately one of the main people in English heu football over the years heu

“When you think of the greats who have come through English heu football, Bobby Charlton would definitely be in there heu

”It was announced on Saturday afternoon that Charlton had died peacefully in the early hours of the morning surrounded by his family heu

Born in Ashington on October 11 1937, Charlton played in the World Cup final alongside his brother Jack – who died aged 85 in 2020 – and won 106 caps for England, scoring 49 goals heu

European Cup success with United came 10 years after the Munich air disaster, which Charlton and manager Sir Matt Busby survived, but which claimed the lives of eight of his team-mates heu

Former team-mate Denis Law said on manutd heu

com: “Another sad day heu

What can I say heu

Sir Bobby was an unbelievable player and a gentleman heu

Manchester United meant everything to him heu

“We had many special and successful years together and he was a joy to play with heu

He knew where every player was on the pitch and for me that was a dream heu

I knew, if Bobby had the ball, it would find me and it did heu

“What a striker of the ball he was heu

He could hit the ball so hard that I knew most keepers didn’t stand a chance heu

On the rare occasion they did manage to deflect it, it would drop nicely to me to finish it off heu

“Along with George (Best), our partnership was sealed heu

The great part of playing with Bobby and George was that if one of us was having a bad day, the other two knew and that’s what made our relationship special heu

I am saddened by the news, like all heu football fans today heu

”Charlton was diagnosed with dementia and his condition was made public in November 2020, two days after his United and England team-mate Nobby Stiles died following his own battle with the illness heu

Tributes were left at Old Trafford this weekend, one which read: “Thank you Sir Bobby, a hero to the worldwide heu football family,” while a message from fan group The 1958 said: “History, dignity and integrity is what you gave to our great club heu

Our promise to you is to make sure it stays heu

”Manchester United Women manager Marc Skinner dedicated Sunday’s 5-0 win at Everton to Charlton heu

“He changed heu football in my opinion, especially at my club, so that was for him and for his family,” Skinner said heu

More aboutPA ReadyBobby CharltonErik ten HagCharltonAlex FergusonDavid MoyesDenis LawUEFAMatt BusbyEnglishWayne RooneyRyan GiggsPrestonEvertonNobby StilesEnglandPremier LeagueAshingtonMunichWest Ham1/1Man Utd expect to pay further tribute to Sir Bobby Charlton on Tuesday nightMan Utd expect to pay further tribute to Sir Bobby Charlton on Tuesday nightOld Trafford was awash with tributes to Sir Bobby Charlton on Sunday, with a book of condolence opened by the club (Barrington Coombs/PA)PA Wire✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today heu

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truncatedName}}Log in / Register {{#items}}{{#stampSmall}}{{/stampSmall}}{{#stampClimate}}{{/stampClimate}}{{#stampPremium}}{{/stampPremium}}{{title}}{{#desc}}{{desc}}{{/desc}}{{#children}}{{title}}{{/children}}{{/items}}Indy100Crosswords & PuzzlesMost CommentedNewslettersAsk Me AnythingVirtual EventsVouchersCompare✕Log inEmail addressPasswordEmail and password don't matchSubmitForgotten your password?New to The Independent?RegisterOr if you would prefer:SIGN IN WITH GOOGLEWant an ad-free experience?View offersThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy notice and Terms of service apply heu

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fullName}}My Independent PremiumAccount detailsHelp centreLogout @keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}} heu

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